What happens if you ignore salivary stones? Risks and treatment options

Salivary stones, known as sialoliths, are buildups of minerals in the glands or ducts that generate saliva. Excessive stones may prevent the secretion of saliva, which leads to the mouth and, in turn, results in infection, swelling, or pain. Ignoring the early signs may lead to serious and troublesome health hazards. The following excerpt aims to explain the causes and complications relating to salivary stones alongside their relevant treatment options.

 

Causes of salivary stones

 

Maintaining consistent saliva flow helps to stave off the crystallisation of calcium in saliva. Other anatomical irregularities within the mouth can act as obstructions that further decrease the flow of saliva. Dehydration, non-hygienic oral practices, lack of food intake, and specific medications can lead to a decrease in salivary flow. Out of all the salivary glands, those beneath the jaw, the submandibular glands, are the most frequently affected.

 

Risks and Symptoms of Salivary Stones

 

The discomfort of a salivary stone will be felt as an intermittent pain, more so during chewing, which increases saliva secretion. Though such discomfort may be initially mild, symptoms worsen as the salivary stone is progressively lodged. In rare situations, some patients may report swelling as well.

 

Diagnosis and Treatment

 

Generally, practitioners examine the patient's body to check for any inflammation, tenderness, or other physical abnormalities around the affected salivary gland. While diagnosing the condition, if stones are suspected, persistent imaging modalities are relied upon. 

 

Stones, especially those that are more superficial, are usually diagnosed using ultrasound or X-ray. Some patients may have multiple or deeper stones, which are better visualised with CT scans. Sometimes, a sialography is performed where a contrast agent is put into the salivary ducts for better visualisation of the duct system and easier identification of the obstructions.

 

Treatment varies depending on the stone’s size and location. Some stones can pass naturally, while others require medical procedures:

 

Hydration and massage: Drinking water and massaging the area can help move small stones.

 

Sialendoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure where a tiny camera helps locate and remove stones.

 

Manual extraction: If the stone is near the duct’s opening, it may be removed in-clinic.

 

Surgical intervention: For larger or deep stones that cannot be accessed externally.

 

Though manageable, salivary stones should be addressed on time even though they do have some risks and complications. 

 

Key prevention strategies include staying hydrated, practising good oral hygiene, and not brushing off persistent symptoms. With the improvements in imaging and treatment, the great majority of cases can be managed effectively and with little discomfort.

 

Dr Sreedhar Reddy is a top urologist at Apollo Spectra Hospital in Bengaluru.

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