Explainer: Why is new Pamban bridge special

Nestled in the shimmering waters of the Bay of Bengal, the Pamban Bridge connects the island town of Rameswaram with the Indian mainland (Tamil Nadu). Stretching over 2 km across the Palk Strait, the new bridge inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi replaces the 1914 structure that served as a vital link for over a century.

Past and present

Pamban Island, also called Rameswaram Island, was once part of the Indian mainland. However, a strong cyclone in 1480 led to the creation of a new island just 2 km from the Indian border and 40 km from Mannar Island, Sri Lanka. During the reign of Thirumalai Naiacker, the ruler of Madurai (Nayak dynasty), a causeway was constructed across the Pamban channel connecting the island to the mainland.

First sea bridge

In the early 20th century, it was decided to construct India’s first sea bridge and connect Rameswaram with the mainland. Work started in June 1911 and a railway line was opened in 1914. On December 22, 1964, tragedy struck when a giant wave washed away the entire six-coach passenger train. By the early 21st century, the old bridge could no longer meet the demands of modern transportation.

In 2002, a decision was taken to convert the bridge to broad gauge, and the first train on the new track started in August 2007. In 2019, the Centre sanctioned the construction of a technologically advanced bridge.

Why is it so special

The new bridge has an automated vertical-lift span and corrosion-resistant design, exemplifying India’s capability to deliver cutting-edge infrastructure in challenging marine environments. It enables faster rail transport, encourages tourism, and enhances trade opportunities.

Costing Rs 700 crore, the bridge is 2.08 km in length, features 99 spans and has a 72.5-metre vertical lift span that rises to a height of 17 metres. Constructed with stainless steel reinforcement, high-grade protective paint, and fully welded joints, the bridge is designed for dual rail tracks to accommodate future demands. A special coating protects it from corrosion, ensuring longevity in the harsh marine environment.

India